vinaya-adhikaraNam - Guidance to Lead

In the last post we have seen the focal point of the Kingdom i.e, King or Raja. In modern terms we call him the Leader. He leads the territory. The basis on which he attains the territory is called "vinaya"

artha SAstra has 15 adhikaraNas or sections. It is also divided into chapters (total 180 chapters). The first adhikaraNa with 21 adhyayas is called vinayaadhikaraNam.

"naya" roughly means "to direct" or "to lead" and nAyaka means the leader. vinAyaka is the god who leads all the gaNas. "vi" prefix has +ve and -ve meanings. Coming to our subject, vinaya means leading the leader or "how to make and direct a successful leader?"

So, cANakya says, the vinaya is of two types. One which comes naturally by birth (svAbhaavikaH) and the second type is that which is (kRtakaH) acquired. ( कृतकः स्वाभाविकस्च विनयः )

A great emphasis is given to both natural and acquired knowledge just as the raw diamond shines when polished and cut.

A vijigIshu or rAjaRShi is made by identifying such a leader (raw diamond) and training him to shine with the required skills.  (vidya)

The sequence to vinaya (from cANakya NIti)

सुखस्य मूलं धर्मः

Sukhasya mUlam dharmaH - The basis of happiness is righteousness.

धर्मस्य मूलमर्थः 

dharmasya mUlam arthaH - The basis of righteousness is society (human resources)

अर्थस्य मूलं राज्यम 

arthasya mUlam rAjyam - The basis for society is kingdom (territory i.e., natural resources)

राज्यमूलमिन्द्रियजयः 

rAjyasya mUlam indriyajayaH - The basis of kingdom is victory over senses!

इन्द्रियजयस्य मूलं विनयः 

indriyajayasya mUlam vinayaH - The basis for winning over senses is vinaya (i.e., proper guidance / training )

विनयस्य मूलं वृद्धोपसेवा 

vinayasya mUlam vRddhOpasEvA - The basis for guidance is serving the elders / knowledgeable ones!  (guru)

वृद्धसेवाया विज्ञानम 

vRddhOpasEvayA vijnAnam - by serving the  Guru, KNOWLEDGE

विज्ञानेनात्मानं संपादयेत

vijnAnEna AtmAnM sampAdayEta - by knowledge realize your own potential (of SELF)

संपादितात्मा जितात्मा भवति
sampAditAtmA jitAtmA bhavati - Having realized self, one becomes WINNER of SELF. 
 
Such is a man is one who can LEAD and be the LEADER. jitAtma is the rAjaRShi. Everyone should strive to follow this sequence to properly achieve meaningful and sustainable wealth.